View Point

INTRODUCTION The GCC economies are the fast developing and most dynamics in the Arab world. Their development has mostly relied on migration labor as the local labors force is incapable in needs of the labor market and enough requirements. They face in increasing rate of unemployment, even though they have enough educational qualification. Due to this phenomenon, there is a huge gap between foreign and national labor force. It will exacerbated the position of indigenous citizens to get employment in GCC countries Unemployment is one of the Gulf Cooperation Council’s biggest challenges: It has the potential to depress per capita standards of GDP, jeopardize standards of living, and breed economic inequality. Underemployment (overstaffing or mismatching of skills) is also an issue, the result of governments being the primary employer of citizens who often do not have the qualifications to be competitive in the private sector; for this reason so many expatriates make up the GCC’s p

INTRODUCTION Turkish nationalism rose during the 19 th and early 20 th centuries. It promotes and glorifies the Turkish people. Nationalism is thus based on the national, ethnical , cultural who based on its own heritage. The advocates of Turkish nationalism add their own interest over other influences including religious ones. At this time the multi ethnic , multi religious Ottoman Empire was transformed into a collection of nation-states in the Balkans and the Middle East . This was the result of social and economic developments and cultural changes brought about by internal and external forces at work in the empire. Although the reforms of the Tanzimat era (1839-1876) streamlined the empire’s administrative and financial institutions and established new ones, it also actually helped advance ethic awareness. The policies of Ottoman-ism perused during the 1870s and 1880s with the concept of citizenship replacing an individual’s status as subject of the sultan, were unable to

Introduction Qatar emirate is a small peninsula on the Arabian coast of the Persian Gulf that covers approximately 4,247 square miles. Qatar borders at the base of the peninsula, on Saudi Arabia. Historically, it also bordered on Abu Dhabi . In 1974 Abu Dhabi ceded the strip bordering on Qatar to Saudi Arabia. Neighboring countries include Bahrain to the northwest, Iran to the northeast and the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia to the south. For centuries, the main sources of wealth were pearling, fishing, and trade. At one time, Qataris owned nearly one-third of the Persian Gulf fishing fleet. Population The population began rapidly growing in the 1970s due to the influx of foreign workers attracted by the expanding oil economy. Over 80% of its population estimated in 1996 at 550,000 resided in the capital, Doha. The population was estimated at 5, 79,000 in 1998 The population before must be estimated, because until oil revenues created a reason to stay on the peninsula